James Thomson

James Thomson (1834 – 1882) was a Scottish journalist, poet and translator who wrote under the pen-name Bysshe Vanolis (chosen because of his admiration for the work of Shelley and the German poet Novalis). He grew up in an orphanage in London and is most often remembered for The City of Dreadful Night (written between 1870 and 1873)  which is an allegory depicting the struggles of the poor.